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Network Terminology

Bridges

A bridge is a device that connects two LANs, or two segments of the same LAN that use the same protocol. Sometimes

called “transparent bridges, they work at the OSI model Layer 2. Simply put, they are not concerned with protocols. Their

main job is to pass data to a destination address that is predetermined in the data packet.

With a bridge, all of your computers are on the same network subnet (see Subnet). This means your computers can

communicate with each other and have their own Internet connection. If you assign your own IP Addresses be sure to use

the same first 3 “octets” of the IP Address (for example, 192.168.0.X).

Domain Name Server (DNS)

A DNS Server is an Internet service that translates domain names (for example, in the URL http://www.telex.com, the

domain name is the telex.com) into IP Addresses. The Internet is based on IP Addresses which are numeric and since

domain names are alphabetic, they are easier to remember. Every time a domain name is used it must go through the DNS

server to be translated into an IP Address.

Gateway

A gateway is a node on a network that serves as an entrance to another network. The gateway routes traffic from a

computer to an outside network that is serving the web pages. For example, the gateway for a home computer is the ISP

provider that connects the user to the Internet.

In a corporate environment, the gateway often acts as a proxy server and a firewall. Gateways are similar to routers and

switches in that they forward data to the destination and provide the path for which the data will travel to the destination.

Hub

A hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. A hub has multiple ports. When a data packet arrives at a

hub, it is copied and distributed to all of its ports so that all nodes on the LAN can see the packets.

There are three types of hubs:

passive hub

this hub serves as a conduit for the data, enabling it to go from one device to another.

intelligent hub (also known as manageable hubs) this hub includes addition features that enable administrators to monitor

traffic through the hub.

switching hub this hub reads the destination address of each packet and then forwards the data pack to the appropriate port.

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)

An IP Address is an identifier or numerical name for a computer or device on a network. Data between computers are

routed over the network using these addresses to identify the computer the message is being sent to and the computer the

message is being sent from.

The format of an IP Address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. For example, an IP

Address looks like 10.100.1.1.

IMPORTANT: When working within an isolated network (meaning there is no Internet access), IP Addresses can be

assigned at random just as long as they are unique to each computer and device. When the isolated

network is connected to the Internet, registered Internet Addresses must be obtained. This is to prevent

duplication of addresses.

The four numbers in and IP Address are used in different was to identify a particular network and host on that network.

There are three classes of Internet Addresses.

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RTS Cstrunk Spezifikationen Seite 96